Finance Tutoring with CPA, CFA PhD & MBA Tutors

This page lists recent articles related to corporate finance on this website.

Does the choice of currency of cash flows matter when valuing an international firm?

International firms will receive cash flows in a variety of currencies. Often you are called to value an overseas operation. In these circumstances, you have to decide on the currency you will use for estimating cash flows in your DCF model. On this page, we discuss if the choice of currency of cash flows matters when valuing an international firm?

Accounting rules for currency translation can be very complex. We only discuss the basics from a valuation perspective and provide a simple Microsoft Excel illustration showing how the cash flow of a Brazilian firm is converted to USD given the current exchange rates and interest rates in Brazil and the USA.

What line items found in EBIT must you remove when preparing cash flows for a DCF?

Many valuation models start with EBIT. EBIT includes all kinds of income earnings and expenses before only interest and tax expenses. However, not all revenues and expenses that show up in EBIT must be valued when evaluating a business. What line items found in EBIT must be removed when preparing cash flows for a DCF? This article discusses this question in detail and gives you examples of different types of line items that you must remove from EBIT in a DCF valuation. These include incomes, expenses, nonrecurring line item, temporary items, etc.

When would you use levered FCF when valuing a company using the DCF method?

You can use the levered or unlevered free cash flow to value a company using the DCF method of valuation. However, there are different situations when you prefer one over the other. This article discusses three specific instances when you can use the levered free cash flow instead of the unlevered free cash flow when valuing a company using the DCF method.

Why/When do you use unlevered FCF when valuing a company using the DCF method?

You can use the levered or unlevered free cash flow to value a company using the DCF method of valuation. However, there are different situations when you prefer one over the other. This article discusses three specific instances when you should use the unlevered free cash flow instead of the levered free cash flow when valuing a company using the DCF method.

Why/When do you use unlevered FCF when valuing a company using the DCF method?

Is Valuation based on Multiples a Valid Valuation method?

Valuation using multiples is a popular and frequently used valuation method. We address if valuation using multiples is based on sound corporate finance principles in this article. While valuation using multiples is a popular and frequently used valuation method, it is also misused and incorrectly applied frequently! We address the misuse or incorrect application of valuation using multiples in another article and only address the technique’s underlying corporate finance principles here.

Why is the DCF valuation method the most used method in valuation?

There are three methods that are used in valuation: DCF, multiples and, options-based method. Each one has its pros and costs. However, the DCF method is the most used in valuation in the classroom. In this article, we address the question “Why is the DCF valuation method the most used method in valuation?”

(Note: we acknowledge that there is a debate on the most used valuation technique in practice vs. in the classroom. The multiples method maybe more frequently applied in practice as it is far simpler!)

What types of companies are good candidates for running a DCF valuation?

All kinds of businesses can be valued using the DCF valuation. However, not all companies are ideally suited for a DCF valuation. Some companies are ideally suited for DCF valuation. While some other companies are better valued using other valuation techniques such as multiples-based valuation or options-based valuation. In this article, we discuss which types of companies are ideally suited for valuation using the DCV valuation method.

How do you determine the length of the forecast period in your DCF valuation model?

This post covers the primary factors that determine the length of your forecast in a DCF valuation model. We discuss four factors you should consider when determining how many years you forecast your cash flows in detail in this article.

Building a VC or PE Cashflow Distribution Waterfall

An MBA student electing a private equity or venture capital course will encounter building an investment cash flow waterfall for the private equity or venture capital investors. Our finance tutors can assist you understand investment returns and the investment distribution waterfall structure. We outline the key building blocks and steps to build a private equity or venture capital investment cash flow distribution waterfall.

Valuing Options using Binomial Trees, Replicating Portfolios and Risk Neutral Approaches

The Black-Scholes options valuation method is the best way to value options but learning to value options using the replicating portfolio approach, risk-neutral approach and the binomial tree approach help students get the intuition behind option valuation.